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Temperance: water between two cups

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Temperance: separate land from water
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Temperance shows a winged figure pouring water between two cups, yet its list is economy, moderation, frugality, management. Separate picture, list and the readings Waite set aside, then practice relaying a complaint.

The short version8 min read

Temperance is water running between two cups. Waite's list is made of household words while his description speaks of the essences of life, so the two layers have to be laid side by side.

  • Waite writes a winged figure pouring the essences of life from chalice to chalice, one foot on earth and one on waters, a direct path rising toward a great light; he says the figure is neither male nor female.
  • The divinatory list is economy, moderation, frugality, management, accommodation. Part II renounces the conventional emblems and meanings and explains the name as tempering, combining and harmonising the psychic and material natures.
  • The reversed list runs in two strings: churches, religions, sects, the priesthood, and disunion, unfortunate combinations, competing interests. The practice takes the stream between the cups: part land from water, pour a little at a time.
18 seconds: the arc of water between two cups first, then the thrift words and the church words, then three questions before relaying a message.

Read first

The structure of a tarot deck: 22 cards and four suits ↗

The picture: a stream from cup to cup, one foot on land, one on water

Waite begins with a winged figure: the sign of the sun is on its forehead and on its breast are the square and triangle of the septenary. He says he speaks of it in the masculine sense, but that the figure is neither male nor female. The figure is supposed to be decanting the essences of life, one chalice into the next.

One foot stands upon the earth and one upon waters, which is said to illustrate the nature of the essences. A direct path goes up to certain heights on the verge of the horizon, and above there is a great light, through which a crown is seen vaguely.

Temperance as drawn by BaZiFlow: a winged figure in white with a halo stands where a lake meets a meadow, a gold cup in each hand and a blue stream arcing from one cup to the other, a path at the right leading toward a distant sun; the three labels read: water from cup to cup, land and water, a question to ask.Open the full-size diagram

BaZiFlow's original Temperance with three ways to read it

On the RWS card: a golden-haired figure with a gold disc on the forehead and, on a white robe, a triangle inside a square; great wings behind with rays of light above; two gold cups with a stream running from one to the other; one foot in the water and the other on a stone at the bank; yellow irises at the right and, at the left, a path winding toward distant hills with a burst of light at the pass.

Read it from the top down: the cups, the feet, the path.

CupsOne stream between twoFeetOne on water, one on landPath, lightA straight way to a light
Enlarge diagram · scroll sideways to read
CupsOne stream between twoFeetOne on water, one on landPath, lightA straight way to a light
The picture from the top down: two cups in the hands, water and land underfoot, a path and a light far off.

What Waite lists: economy, moderation, frugality, management, accommodation

Waite's divinatory meaning is five words:

Economy, moderation, frugality, management, accommodation.

Waite, Temperance

The five fall into three small groups: economy and frugality are about how much is spent, moderation about where to stop, management and accommodation about how things are arranged. They are all words of everyday household life, while Part II describes a winged figure and the essences of life, and the tone of the two places is far apart.

Five wordsWordsAboutAmountEconomy, frugalityHow much is spentLimitModerationWhere to stopOrderManagement, fitHow it is arranged
Enlarge diagram · scroll sideways to read
Five wordsWordsAboutAmountEconomy, frugalityHow much is spentLimitModerationWhere to stopOrderManagement, fitHow it is arranged
The five words by what they are about: how much, where to stop, how it is arranged.

Cups, feet, path and light: what he wrote, and the old readings he set aside

The symbols Waite writes down gather in three places: the cups and water, the feet, the path and light. For each he gives the look, and for only one he adds a purpose.

What Waite wrote about each of the three

Two cups, the water
Waite: the figure is supposed to decant the essences of life, one chalice into the next. He writes an act and does not say what each cup stands for.
Foot on land, foot on water
Waite: one foot on the earth and one on waters, "thus illustrating the nature of the essences". It is the one place he adds a purpose, and he does not go on to say what that nature is.
Path and light
Waite: a direct path goes up to heights on the verge of the horizon, with a great light above through which a crown is seen vaguely. What the crown is, he does not say.
In the textEssences between cupsA foot on each elementA path to light, a crownBy traditionWater: flow, changePath: a journey, directionBy later teachersTwo cups = two partiesWater = what moves acrossNot in the original
Enlarge diagram · scroll sideways to read
In the textEssences between cupsA foot on each elementA path to light, a crownBy traditionWater: flow, changePath: a journey, directionBy later teachersTwo cups = two partiesWater = what moves acrossNot in the original
Cups, feet, path: how Waite wrote them, how tradition tells them, how teaching borrows them.

Then Waite sets some older readings aside. All the conventional emblems are renounced here, he says, and so are the conventional meanings: changes in the seasons, the perpetual movement of life, even the combination of ideas. It is also untrue, he adds, to say that the figure symbolizes the genius of the sun, though it is the analogy of solar light, realized in the third part of our human triplicity.

The name too is given "fantastically": it is called Temperance because, when the rule of it obtains in our consciousness, it tempers, combines and harmonises the psychic and material natures. Under that rule we know in our rational part something of whence we came and whither we are going.

How to read it: pour one complaint from one cup into another

The act in the picture is pouring: water runs from one cup to another, one foot is on earth and one on water, and a path lies ahead. Put onto a message passed along at work, it becomes three moves. The picture is borrowed, the steps are ours, and nothing like them appears in Waite.

  1. One foot on land, one on water: part them first

    Split what you are about to relay into two kinds: what can be checked (which day, what failed, what the log shows) and what shifts (tone, feeling, your own guess). The first is the land under your feet; the second is water.

  2. Cup to cup: a little at a time

    Do not tip the whole cup over at once. Relay one point, wait until the other person has taken it, then pour the next. Pour the checkable cup first.

  3. The path ahead: end on a next step

    After each small pour, say who does what next and when you will report back. Wherever the water runs, a next step has to catch it.

Say a client sends a heated email on Friday complaining that exports keep failing, and you must pass it on to a developer. The water between the two cups can be sorted like this:

RelayLand: checkableWater: shiftingClient saidExport failed 3 timesUrgent, harsh wordsI foundTwo errors in the logCause not yet knownIn the relayThis cup goes firstSlow down, pour later
Enlarge diagram · scroll sideways to read
RelayLand: checkableWater: shiftingClient saidExport failed 3 timesUrgent, harsh wordsI foundTwo errors in the logCause not yet knownIn the relayThis cup goes firstSlow down, pour later
The checkable cup is poured first; tone and guesses come after, in portions.

What one cup can hold

Poured in

  • Facts you can check
  • The one step you need

Left outside

  • Guesses about their tone
  • Conclusions not yet found

After pouring

  • Ask what was received
  • Agree who replies, and when

Reversed and neighboring cards: churches, disunion, competing interests, and three cards beside it

Waite's reversed list runs in two strings:

Things connected with churches, religions, sects, the priesthood, sometimes even the priest who will marry the Querent; also disunion, unfortunate combinations, competing interests.

Waite, Temperance, reversed

The first string points to religious matters and the text does not say why; the second, disunion, unfortunate combinations and competing interests, looks just like tempering, combining and harmonising when it has not succeeded. Calling the second string 'harmony that failed' is the reader's sorting of the list; the text does not put it that way.

The religious stringChurches, religions, sectsPriesthood, a marrying priestThe discord stringDisunionUnfortunate combinationsCompeting interests
Enlarge diagram · scroll sideways to read
The religious stringChurches, religions, sectsPriesthood, a marrying priestThe discord stringDisunionUnfortunate combinationsCompeting interests
Two strings in the reversed list: religious matters, and disunion with rival interests.

Three cards beside it

The Star

Also pouring, a very different list

On the Star card, the pouring is done from two great ewers over sea and land; its list is loss, theft, privation, abandonment, and by another reading hope and bright prospects.

Two of Cups

Two cups in two pairs of hands

In the Two of Cups each cup belongs to one person and the cups meet in the middle; in Temperance both cups are in one pair of hands and the water runs between them. One asks what each side said, the other how to pour.

Strength

Also named for a virtue

In Part II Waite calls Strength "Fortitude"; its list is power, energy, action, courage, magnanimity. One leans toward effort, the other toward proportion.

Sort landfrom waterthenThen pour insmall portionslastClose on anext step
Enlarge diagram · scroll sideways to read
Sort landfrom waterthenThen pour insmall portionslastClose on anext step
What stays with you before relaying is three short columns: land, water, first cup.

Questions readers ask next

Does Temperance simply mean "balance"?

The list has moderation and management, but "balance" is not in it. Waite also says that the conventional meanings, changes in the seasons, the perpetual movement of life and the combination of ideas, are renounced here. "Balance" is a later teaching reading, so say so when you use it.

What does one foot on land and one on water mean?

Waite says only that it illustrates "the nature of the essences", and he does not go on to say what that nature is. Reading water as feeling and land as reality is a later teaching borrowing.

What does Temperance mean reversed?

Waite's reversed list has two strings: one about churches, religions, sects and the priesthood, even "the priest who will marry the Querent", and another of disunion, unfortunate combinations and competing interests. The first string he does not explain.

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Sources & references

  1. The Pictorial Key to the Tarot, Part III §3: Temperance, divinatory meanings (Waite, 1910) ↗
  2. The Pictorial Key to the Tarot, Part II: Temperance, card XIV (Waite, 1910) ↗
  3. Rider–Waite–Smith Tarot, Temperance, drawn by Pamela Colman Smith (Wikimedia Commons) ↗

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